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IEM9040 Bionics Bioonika |
General about of the course |
| Credits: 3.5 AP or 5.00 EAP |
| Hours per week in the case of full time study: altogether 3.0 ,
incl. lectures 0.0 , practical work 0.0 ,
exercises 3.0 Distant learning (per semester) and forms: lectures 6 |
| Form of evaluation: exam |
| Semester(s) of study: autumn / spring |
| Goals of the course: - To give a general characterization of the electronic means used in engineering from the point of view of their application, as well as from the point of view of their designing and production, and to introduce the possibilities of using the analogies between the systems known from physiology in developing of devices and systems, and their manufacturing. - To give an overview of the biophysical, physiological and other processes determining the properties of the electronic means used in biomedical engineering, and to introduce connected determinations and terminology, and to teach the practical solutions of the main problems connected with the biomedical electronic means, and their development. And to train to solve the main system engineering and electronic circuit design tasks connected with the development of the electronic means for biomedical applications. - To give a general characterization of the electrical bioimpedance as a parameter used in biomedical engineering for characterization of physiological state of biological systems and organs, and to introduce the possibilities of using the electrical bio-impedance as electrical parameter describing the physiological properties and usable for medical diagnostics for various purposes, firstly for determination of physiological and biophysical properties, and in medical diagnostics. |
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Objectives of the course: Having finished the study of the subject the PhD student has to be able: - to estimate functional parameters and characteristics of the physiological system and their engineering analogies, firstly of the electronic means used in biomedical engineering. - to find the most suitable solutions of circuit design and technical realization for the biomimetic electronic means used in biomedical engineering, and to estimate the main parameters and characteristics of the bioimpedance of biophysical objects, firstly in the case of applications in biomedical engineering, and of the electronic means used for estimating of these functional parameters and characteristics. - to find the most suitable solutions of circuit design and technological realization for the electronic means for bioimpedance measurement used in biomedical engineering. |
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Annotation of the course Part I - Biomimetics (formerly IEM9000) Principles of functioning of the biological systems (physiology) and their elements (sensory, control, actuating and communicating organs). Senses and feelings and their information content. Cognition, analysis, and information transmitting ability. Memory and thinking. Information interchange (visual, speech), man-machine dialog. Language and coding. Data acquisition capacity and transmission speed. Informational and energetical characterisation of technical systems. Bionics. Neuron nets and learning systems. Microcomputers as electronic analogs of neural systems. Intuitive and fuzzy logic. Fuzzy-principle in control of biological and technical systems. Problematics of creating the biosystems or the electronic substitutes of their parts (cardiac pacemakers, hearing aids and cochlear implant, etc.). Reproduction and production. Biotechnology and gene technology. Micro- and nano-technology. Microactuators. Part II - Electrical Bioimpedance (formerly IEM9010) Electrical impedance and equivalent circuits of biological objects. Structure of the tissues and systems of the organism and dependence of the electrical impedance from this. Impedance of the tissues as a diagnostical variable. Methods and means for measurement of electrical bioimpedance. Direct and relative measurement in impedance diagnostics. Measurement circuits for impedance/susceptance measurement and scales. Lock-in measurement technology and microelectronic realisations of the lock-in impedance measurement devices. Determining of partial impedance. Measurement at multiple frequencies (impedance spectrometry) and simultaneous multifrequency measurements. Computional determination of parameters of the elements/components of equivalent circuit from the results of measurements. Extracting of informative components of the impedance signal. Measurement electrodes and their equivalent circuits. Applications of impedance diagnostics in cardiac and vascular diagnostics - Impedance cardiography and plethysmography. Other examples of impedance diagnostics (electro(acu)puncture, etc.). Impedance tomography. |
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Textbooks The main textbook(s): M.Akay (ed.). Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering. Wiley & Sons, USA, 2006. Vol.1 - 6. M.C.K.Khoo, Physiological Systems. Analysis, Simulation, and Estimation, IEEE Press, 2000. S.Grimnes, and Ø.G.Martinsen. Bioimpedance & Bioelectricity Basics. Academic Press, 2000 (1st edition), 2007 (2nd edition). Additional literature: J.Malmivuo and R.Plonsey. Bioelectromagnetism. Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995. Available on the Internet: http://www.bem.fi/book/index.htm. David S. Holder. Electrical Impedance Tomography: Methods, History and Applications. Taylor & Francis, 2005, 456 pp. J.G.Webster. Electrical Impedance Tomography. Adam Hilger, 1990. |